Francis Scott Key witnessed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor on September 13-14, 1814, during the War of 1812. Detained on a British ship during the attack, he watched through the night as the fort's flag remained visible in the firelight. When dawn broke and the American flag still flew over the fort, Key was moved to compose the poem "Defence of Fort McHenry," which would later be set to the melody of a popular British song.
Key's words have become central to American civic life and music education. His text captures a specific historical moment while speaking to broader themes of resilience and national identity. For music educators, Key's work offers an opportunity to explore how poetry and music intersect, and how a single composition can carry historical weight across generations.