Claude Debussy (1862-1918) fundamentally reshaped how pianists think about the instrument. Rather than treating the piano as a vehicle for virtuosic displays or dense harmonic architecture, he discovered it as a tool for color and atmosphere. His two collections of Arabesques, composed early in his career, already show his preoccupation with shimmering textures and flowing melodic lines that seem to move without traditional harmonic scaffolding.
These pieces marked a turning point in piano pedagogy. Teachers suddenly had access to music that was genuinely modern in sound yet accessible to intermediate students. Debussy proved that you could write substantially for young pianists without resorting to empty technical exercises or watered-down salon pieces.